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Figure 1 Measured Cutting Force with Formed and Non-Formed Tooling Edges What is HPC Milling? HPC milling is often described as milling that can meet the metal removal requirements, which is the key to determining the performance potential of a process. The amount of technology, compared with the traditional processing technology, should be increased by 200% to 500%. In a broader sense, the term HPC also means optimizing the entire process chain with the goal of reducing production costs by 10% to 30%. What is the difference between HPC and HSC? The purpose of roughing is mainly to maximize the metal removal rate: due to the fact that in addition to increasing the axial or radial feed to process 3D surfaces, it will be severely restricted by the HSC technology. To increase the processing rate, it is only by increasing the cutting speed. However, there will be other practical and technical constraints. At the same time increasing the number of axial and radial knives and increasing the feed rate (increasing the speed of vf does not necessarily increase the HSC cutting speed) should be able to help improve the machining efficiency. On the one hand, as a result of these milling processes, the efficiency of conventional milling processes is almost the same. On the other hand, increasing the feed rate at a certain cutting speed will result in an increase in the feed rate per tooth of the tool, and therefore increase the mechanical load on the milling cutter. Regardless of the geometry of the selected cutting edge and the material of the tool, a relatively high cutting force is generated during the machining process, which in turn increases the requirements on the working environment of the machine tool. 
Figure 2. Wear evolution of the cutting edges of formed and non-shaped tools. Based on this background, the main question raised is whether different cutting edge geometries should be used for high-cutting roughing tools. Cutting force and wear phenomena in high-performance cutting We conducted many experiments to determine the effect of cutting edges of different shapes on cutting forces during machining. Fig. 1 shows the corresponding curves when the cutting force curve under fixed conditions and the tool with smooth cutting edge are cut after milling for 10 seconds with the contoured tool. If the arithmetic average cutting forces of the two tools are set in correlation, it can be determined through testing that the cutting force of the contoured cutter is reduced by 23.5%. In terms of maximizing the use of spindle output power, designing an HPC roughing cutter with contoured cutting edges seems to be an excellent choice. In addition to high-speed metal cutting and the need to optimize the use of spindle output power, tool life is also a critical factor in the economics of milling. Figure 2 shows the representative wear phenomenon of these two knives. After a very short period of time, there will be local chipping on the contoured carbide cutting edge, especially if the profile has more cuttings. The high feed rate and the large number of knives in the HPC milling, coupled with the lateral support of the cutting edge on the contour profile protrusion, are reduced beyond the rigid limits of the most advanced micron carbide metal quality today. Generates a great mechanical load. 
Figure 3 Comparison of HSC-HPC metal cutting speeds when milling hardness steels. Choosing a smooth cutting edge or a selective cutting edge? When using a carbide end mill, the advantages of the forming tool discussed above in metal cutting cannot be used technically in the HPC cutting process. The short service life of the carbide end mills will greatly increase the cost of the use of the tools, and this will seriously question the economics of this process. Due to the fact that the processing force is high, the tooling of the non-formed carbide end mill is designed to match the geometry of the material being machined. This seems to be a good idea for HPC machining. Rough processing of steels with a strength of 68 HRC When machining steels with higher strength values, the corresponding cutting edges must not have excessive mechanical loads. In addition, when the tool is engaged with the workpiece, there is a risk of chipping on the cutting edge due to the impact of the infeed. Taking into account these phenomena arising from the use of geometrically shaped non-shaped carbide end mills, a maximum negative cutting angle γ = -10° was chosen. Using conventional tolerance angles, large wedge angles greater than 90° are permitted, which greatly balances the tool's cutting edge. In addition, the groove helix angle is designed to be very large, reaching γ = 55°, so as to correct the cutting engagement force when processing a fragile hard material under the concept of “peeling and cuttingâ€. 
The range of applications for the HPC tools NX, HX, and SX in Figure 4 is shown in Figure 3, which shows the potential advantages of using this tool for theoretical performance. This is an excellent example. It also compares the hardness of 54 HRC steel for HPC tools. And when using HSC milling technology to process materials with the same material hardness grade. In spite of the higher cutting speed and, in this case, higher HSC machining per tooth feed rate, the metal cutting speed increases by a factor of 10 by effectively increasing the amount of knife taken. The concept of HPC in the overall machining of steel in the three different combinations of cutting angles/cutting grooves spiral angles, adopting this technical method, can include all the steel processing range (Figure 4), which has high-performance processing capability (= Metal cutting speeds can be transformed into direct customer benefits (= lower production costs).
Milling tools for modern steel roughing
For almost two decades, high speed cutting (HSC) has been considered synonymous with high speed production and processing. Today, people's attention is increasingly focused on the new term HPC (high-productivity cutting or high-performance cutting).